(Photo: Steve Sellers, ECU/NOAA), NOAA-UBOAT-143 NOAA diver tracks a sand tiger shark as it circles U-85. There youll also find a 3D model of U-85, a photomosaic, a video, site plan, and dive slate. U-85 Type VIIB U-boat by NOAA's Monitor National Marine Sanctuary on Sketchfab. U-352 closed for an attack. As the gap between the vessels closed, it became a surface engagement. [1] When submerged, the boat could operate for 90 nautical miles (170km; 100mi) at 4 knots (7.4km/h; 4.6mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,700 nautical miles (16,100km; 10,000mi) at 10 knots (19km/h; 12mph). On May 9, 1942 it was sunk by the Coast Guard Cutter Icarus. This forum contains affiliate links to products on Amazon and eBay. This was part of a NOVA/National Geographic documentary . After having spent 43 days in the North Atlantic and being occasionally depth charged by planes, the U-85 found little and attacked nothing. [3], The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 20.8 knots (38.5km/h; 23.9mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 6.9 knots (12.8km/h; 7.9mph). U-85 was operating within visual distance of Bodie Island Light at midnight on 13 April 1942 when the US destroyer USS Roper detected the submarine on British Type 286 radar at a range of 2,700 yards (2,500 m). This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. [4] After being left unable to dive due to damage from aerial depth charges, she headed for the coast of Somalia. Joined later by the destroyer Ericsson (DD440), the American task force detected, attacked, and destroyed the U-853. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of 9,000 metric horsepower (6,620kW; 8,880shp) for use while surfaced, and two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010PS; 750kW) for use while submerged. Heinz Eck had survivors and wreckage from the Greek steamer Peleus machine-gunned with the intention of erasing all traces of the sinking. To view additional site plans click here. [4] After being left unable to dive due to damage from aerial depth charges, she headed for the coast of Somalia. High-resolution mapping of the site shows the vessel lying keel up on the ocean floor with the bow pointing to the northeast. 650 Castro Street Amid the sinking wreckage were the survivors jammed packed in lifeboats and rafts. Sitting in very shallow water and knowing they were being tracked, the crew of U-85 decided to try to escape on the surface, hoping that their increased speed would get the U-boat into deeper water before Roper could attack. Scuba Diver Life They were convicted at a British military tribunal in Hamburg, (held concurrently during the Nuremberg Trials) for killing the survivors of the torpedoed Greek steamer Peleus in 1944. Kapitn Leutnant Heinz Wilhelm Eck of U-852 was indicted and sentenced to death by firing squad at the Nuremberg Tribunal on November 30 1945. To view additional site plans click here. Rathke spotted Icarus, a 165-foot USCG Cutter, on antisubmarine patrol off Cape Lookout. Roper then dropped a pattern of 11 depth charges where U-85 had disappeared beneath the surface. His commander-in-training patrol was aboard the famous U-124, commanded by his classmate Johann Mohr, from 28 October 1942 to 21 February 1943. . The prosecutor was Colonel Halse of the Advocate General's Office.The presiding judge was Major A. Melford Stevenson. When they stopped the ship in order to launch the lifeboats, U-352 passed right by them without notice and somehow lost contact. While on it's first patrol, U-85 discovered the massive 65-ship convoy 42 (SC-42), but was only able to sink the British freighter Thistleglen. This function has been disabled for WW2 Gravestone, The Bad Girls of Nazi Germany: Jenny Wanda, Becker, Elisabeth a Stutthof concentration. [13], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}3555N 7513W / 35.917N 75.217W / 35.917; -75.217. In 1927, Hawaiian Steamship Company sold her again, this time to C.H. In an effort to honor the service and sacrifice of those lost during the Battle of the Atlantic, NOAA in 2019 will release a draft proposal to expand the boundaries of Monitor National Marine Sanctuary to include a nationally significant collection of shipwrecks that currently have little or no legal protection. During the journey, Eck torpedoed and sank the Greek tramp steamer, SS Peleus . However, U-352 would not be reaching U.S. waters with the rest of Group Schlei. This month we visit the W.E. 1361 et seq.) U-352 sank while the majority of the crew was able to escape. [10] The Labrador current influences the site and visibility can be low. However, before reaching land the U-boat came under attack from six RAF bombers from 621 Squadron. Eck was to be the only U-boat commander found guilty of war crimes and executed after he ordered the machine gunning of survivors from the . The U-852 was itself sunk on May 3 1944 by British aircraft off the coast of Somalia. After stalking her until nightfall, the steamer was sunk with two torpedoes. In January, U-352 transferred from Kiel to Bergen, and set out for its first patrol on January 20. Fatally wounded, the Black Point sank, killing 12 of the 46 men on board. Image courtesy of Kraken Robotics. Sie wurden am nchsten Tag von den Briten aufgenommen. Image courtesy of the U.S. History and Heritage Command. The crew was captured and later tried for war crimes. Sprague of Boston. U-352 was part of Group Schlei and was ordered, along with twelve other U-boats, to converge on an area West of Rockall and to begin looking for convoys. The U-853 was one of the last German U-boats sunk in the Battle of the Atlantic and the last to be destroyed on the East Coast of the United States. The hearing was known as the Peleus Trial. This month we visit the U-352. Eight of the twelve boats were redirected to the Faroes Islands in Iceland and Scotland. At the end of February, the vessel retuned empty handed to St. Nazaire. The boat attempted to run south on the surface and fired its stern torpedo at Roper when the range closed to 700 yards (640 m). Unlike U-85 and U-701, U-352 rests south of Cape Hatteras, off Cape Lookout in more stable conditions and more inviting Gulf Stream water for the average diver. Two other officers of U-852, the 2WO and the doctor were also indicted and shot. The Allies came into possession of an Fa 330 in May 1944 when they captured the U-852 intact. Either way, as the Black Point came into range off Point Judith, Rhode Island, at 5:40 pm on May 5, Frmsdorf fired a torpedo that upon impact blew away about 40 feet of the merchant ships stern. (Photo: NOAA), A photomosaic, site plan and dive slate are a few of the products produced for U-85 by Monitor National Marine Sanctuary. Setting sail from St. Nazaire, France, on March 21, 1942, U-85 was making its third and final journey. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. To view other Outer Banks Maritime Heritage Trail videos, click here. [3] When submerged, the boat could operate for 121 nautical miles (224km; 139mi) at 2 knots (3.7km/h; 2.3mph); when surfaced, she could travel 12,750 nautical miles (23,610km; 14,670mi) at 10 knots (19km/h; 12mph). The depth charges killed the entire U-85 crew. Greger sunk the ship and then proceeded directly to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. This time the U-852 left rather than attack the survivors. Website Satisfaction Survey The text is below: As U-852 broke the surface, her gun crews swarmed out and manned the anti-aircraft guns. After taking on fuel and fresh provisions, Greger was ready to take U-85 on a second war patrol, but this one too was a very frustrating and disappointing patrol. [2], Having left St. Nazaire on 21 March 1942, U-85 sank the Norwegian freighter Christen Knudsen off the coast of New Jersey on 10 April.[3]. German Type VIIB submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIA submarines. The U-352 was a German submarine that was used during the notorious U-boat attacks in WWII along the NC Coast. Privacy Policy Rathke attempted to carry out at least one attack, but depth charges kept him from being successful. This month, well visit Monitor National Marine Sanctuary. U-852 was proceeding to the Indian Ocean to join the Monsun wolfpack when its commander committed an act that made it infamous. The deployment of the depth charges killed the entire U-85 crew. Video clip depicting the story of the battle between YP-389 and U-701. Throughout the entire Second World War, the Kriegsmarine had only one U-boat commander convicted of war crimes. German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. They dived the wreck to a depth of approximately 12,500 feet (3,800 m) in the MIR submersible from the Russian research ship Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. The awesome memorial is a must see if you are in the Kiel area (perhaps visiting the U-995). The U.S. Navy requisitioned the vessel, originally named the Fairmont, in February 1918. As the crew of U-352 prepared to scuttle, several began emerging from the conning tower preparing to jump overboard. Roper not only had the advantage of more surface artillery but were also able to reach their guns sooner. Rod Mather, University of Rhode Island Applied History Lab. U-852 was fitted with six 53.3cm (21in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one 10.5cm (4.13in) SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a 3.7cm (1.5in) SK C/30 with 2575 rounds as well as two 2cm (0.79in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The gap between the two vessels closed, and a surface engagement ensued. [1], The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.9 knots (33.2km/h; 20.6mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 8 knots (15km/h; 9.2mph). Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. For divers making the journey to Morehead City, it stands near the top of the list. The wreck lies on its starboard side with approximately an approximately 80-degree list. She measured 251 feet, 10 inches in length; 22 feet, 6 inches in the beam; and drew 15 feet, 4 inches. She docked at St. Nazaire on the French Atlantic coast on 18 September. However, once again, the crew on Freden panicked and took to the lifeboats. The last, under the command of Helmut Frmsdorf, intersected with the end of World War II in the Atlantic. After the war, she was returned to her original owner, only to be sold two years later to the Hawaiian Steamship Company of New York and renamed the Nebraskan. (All photos: NOAA), Schools of fish swarm U-85s conning tower with its attack periscope housing still intact. The submarine, which was a special long-range version of the Type IX, had four bow and two stern torpedo tubes and a Focke-Achgelis Fa 330 Bachstelze cable-towed lookout gyroglider. HMT Bedfordshire is one vessel included in the proposal. It was laid down in Bremen and completed in June 1943. This triggered a hunt for the U-boat, but in a surprising twist, Frmsdorf did not flee the scene. The forward torpedo loading hatch, battery hatch, and forward personnel hatch are all clearly visible, as is the conning tower, the aft gun mount, and several of the submarines compressed air flasks. The first divers to visit the wreck were deployed from the USS Penguin (ASR-12) in the hours immediately after the submarine sank. It is unclear whether the German U-boat commander received Donitzs order to cease attacks or whether he willfully ignored it. Posted by: dozmataz_buckshank Date: October 14, 2016 05:31PM. Greger's first war patrol as Captain began on August 28, 1941, and he was dispatched to patrol for convoys southwest of Iceland. Group Schlei was to return to France and begin preparing for deployment to U.S. waters. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 6 V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350kW; 2,760 to 3,160shp) for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550kW; 740shp) for use while submerged. Greger sunk the ship and then proceeded directly to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The U-853 participated in three patrols during the war. The crew of the Roper did not suspect much at first, but pursued the contact. A set of pages designed to provide a good overview on the monumental battle that took place on the high seas during World War One. After completing his training in 1937 he spent five years on minesweepers, commanding one from 1939. Synthetic Aperture Sonar imagery of the German U-853, showing that the submarine is largely intact. However, the Roper was closing in on U-85, and the crew now suspected that they were pursuing a submarine. She was sunk in April 1942 by the US destroyer Roper. The U-852 was itself sunk on May 3 1944 by British aircraft off the coast of Somalia. This site is visited on a Full Day Dive Trip. Sea life at the site of U-352 is prolific and typical of a sub-tropical marine ecosystem. As the U-boat began to sink at the stern, Ropers crew watched the German sailors jump into the water and beg to be rescued. U-852. With orders to patrol off the coast of the United States, the U-boat reached New Jersey and, on April 10, found its first target. U-85 was fitted with five 53.3cm (21in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8cm (3.46in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one 2cm (0.79in) anti-aircraft gun The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[1]. On February 8, U-85 along with U-654 found and attacked the Southwest bound Convoy ONS 61. After minor repairs in St. Nazaire, U-352 headed for the U.S. East Coast on April 7, 1942. This month we visit the U-85. There are 3 type XXI boats buried in the Elbe II bunker in Hamburg. On 30 April 1944, U-852 was spotted in the Indian Ocean by a Vickers Wellington bomber flying from Aden. Despite claiming they were "only following orders", the boat's second-in-command, August Hoffmann, and Walter Weisspfennig, the ship's doctor (who was condemned for using a weapon in contravention of the Geneva Convention) were also given the death penalty. Between their arrival in US territorial waters on December 27, 1941, and February 6th, 1942, the drumbeaters sank 25 ships. The German commander said he carried out the attack because there might have been communications equipment on the survivors rafts and the Laconia Order forbade him from helping the crews of sunk enemy ships. CMS Version: 4.6.3. Two weeks later the U-852 sank the British cargo ship Dahomian off Cape Town on 1 April. On this patrol, U-85 returned to American waters, specifically off the United States coast. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750ft). Lieutenant Commander Maurice Jester aboard Icarus reacted appropriately. U-85 departed Trondheim in Norway on 28 August 1941 for her first patrol. (Photo: NOAA), This post is by a guest blogger. Rathke moved into position twice, each time firing a torpedo from the bow, but each missed. U-654 was able to sink one vessel in this convoy, while Greger fired at least three torpedoes with no hits. They both received a reduced sentence of prison terms. The U-boat with the longest operational service in World War II, spending 750 days at sea during 13 patrols from January 1941 to August 1944. Thank you for your support! He had lived to tell the story which had led to the indictment of the four U-boat officers and a seaman. [3] However more recent commentary surmised that Gustafson had not hit her, and her loss is currently unexplained. The boat attempted to run south on the surface and fired its stern torpedo at Roper when the range closed to 700 yards (640m). For Lorenzo del Veneziano, an underwater marine archaeologist, it's an amazing. National marine sanctuaries protect some of the most spectacular ocean and Great Lakes resources in the United States, including shipwrecks like the USS Monitor. However, the sinking of the Peleus had created a large debris field containing survivors in rafts and clinging to wreckage. On April 10, while off the New Jersey coast, U- 85 found its first target, Swedish freighter Christina Knudsen. Their suspicions were confirmed when the crew witnessed the track of a torpedo narrowly missing them. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. KL Heinz Wilhelm Eck of U-852 was indicted and sentenced to death by firing squad at the Nuremberg Tribunal on November 30 1945. Go to: Forum List Message List New Topic Search Log In Print View Re: U-852`s wreck California 94041. U-852 was enroute to the Indian Ocean to join the Monsoon wolf pack operating there. (Photo: NOAA), The forward torpedo tubes located on the wreck of U-85. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. By May 5, 1945, Adolph Hitler had committed suicide in his bunker in Berlin and Grand Admiral Karl Donitz was helping negotiate the terms of the Nazi surrender. She also carried a 4.1-inch deck gun and two anti-aircraft guns. Although her commander, Charles E. Prior took a coastal route, not considering threats from German U-boats to be particularly severe. Please email, Exploring Monitor National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA Marine Sanctuary Shipwrecks: the Dixie Arrow, NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Shipwrecks: The USS Monitor, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: the Ashkhabad, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: The Caribsea, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: E.M. Clark, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: HMT Bedfordshire, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: F.W. We cannot be held responsible for any errors on the site and for any actions you may take after viewing its content. U-85's second patrol started and finished in Lorient, but was unremarkable. Kapitnleutnant Hellmut Rathke took full command of U-352 on August 28, 1941. The U-852 was itself sunk on May 3 1944 by British aircraft off the coast of Somalia. Two other officers of U-852, the 2WO and the doctor were also indicted and shot. [6] U-85 lies in less than 100ft (30m) of water; the United States Navy briefly attempted to salvage her. U-85 was the first U-boat loss of "Operation Drumbeat" (Paukenschlag), the offensive off the eastern seaboard of the United States in 1942. U.S. Department of Commerce, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility, Mapping Rhode Islands Historic Submarines, University of Rhode Island Applied History Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. On May 9, U-352 began the engagement that would end in its demise. At 1800 on March 21, 1942, with a brass band on the pier, with a blooded crew, a confident captain and a well-tried ship, U-85 set out once more for Amerika. Despite having missed, the crew aboard the Freden believed they would be hit and decided to abandon the ship. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment . Command of the U-85 was given to Oberleutnent zur See Eberhard Greger. Beginning on May 5, far out to sea off Cape Hatteras, N.C., U-352 began a game of cat-and-mouse with the Swedish merchant vessel SS Freden. She had two shafts and two 1.23m (4ft) propellers. Data Collected on Site: Still and video photography; site plan; high and low resolutions multibeams; 3-D video, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The U-853, which had earlier in the war fought off an attack from two British Swordfish torpedo bombers and had recently sunk the American patrol craft the PE-56, was now lurking in Rhode Island Sound. Standing atop the bridge of the U-boat, the crew of the U-852 meticulously hunted and machine gunned the survivors. Nachdem man erkannt hatte, dass U 852 mit Bordmitteln nicht zu reparieren war, befahl Eck, das Boot aufzugeben und zu zerstren. Diving U-85is the closest that many of us will come to experiencing what it was like during a World War II naval battle, says NOAA archaeologist Tane Casserley. Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in May 1944, "Heinz-Wilhelm Eck: Siegerjustiz and the Peleus Affair", "Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 19411942", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-852&oldid=1147548307, World War II shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean, Military history of British Somaliland during World War II, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 20.8 knots (38.5km/h; 23.9mph) surfaced, 57nmi (106km; 66mi) at 4 knots (7.4km/h; 4.6mph) submerged, This page was last edited on 31 March 2023, at 17:36. The deck gun of U-85 silently points towards the surface as if waiting on a target. During this time, Roper believed it had another sonar contact, which was likely the U-85 as it sank. The pressure hull is ruptured and accessible at multiple points. Heinrich Himmlers mistress Hedwig Potthast. The following day, Rathke came across Freden again. The U-853 was a type IXC/40 German submarine launched on March 11, 1943, and commissioned June 25 that same year. Die Sprengung war jedoch nur zum Teil erfolgreich. Also, on the site, the density of red barbier baitfish and amberjack is such that it often hinders photographic documentation. Roper then quickly left for fear of another boat in the area, but returned after daylight and recovered the bodies of 29 sailors. Site Info, NOAA Ocean Exploration Eck decided that this would indicate to any Allied shipping patrol aircraft there was a U-boat in the area, so he ordered his junior officers to destroy the wreckage by firing into it using hand grenades and automatic weapons. The information listed on this site is to be used as a reference and is only our opinion/suggestion. They confirmed the pressure hull had been breached and that the bodies of many of the 55 deceased German submariners were still on board the stricken vessel. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fifty-eight were captured by the Somaliland Camel Corps and local militia. To learn more about the proposal, click here. The Black Point was the last American merchant ship sunk by a German U-boat. Mountain View Eck, despite his mission, decided to attack the ship. Rathke fired at Icarus, but the torpedo either malfunctioned or hit the sea bottom. Together, these vessels represent the long battle for naval supremacy during World War II and the attempts by the Allies and the Third Reich to protect and/or disrupt their enemys Atlantic commerce and supply lines. This great article covers the reasons and consequences for the massive torpedo failures of the Ubootwaffe. Believing that U-boats operated in packs, as they did in other regions, Roper did not want to take the chance of being sunk by an additional U-boat. Does anyone know, what happened to U-852`s wreck, when Allies` investigation was finished? Website owner: Office of National Marine Sanctuaries | National Ocean Service | NOAA | Department of Commerce. 59 Besatzungsmitglieder, darunter der Kommandant, konnten sich an den Strand retten. The presiding judge was Major A. Melford Stevenson. The much smaller stern section lies approximately 1,800 feet further south. 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Prior took a coastal route, not considering threats from German U-boats to be used as a reference is. Viewing its content, U-85 returned to American waters, specifically off the coast Guard Cutter Icarus famous,... Den Strand retten American task force detected, attacked, and destroyed the U-853 participated in three patrols the. Force detected, attacked, and set out for its first target, Swedish Christina. Noaa Diver tracks a sand tiger shark as it sank used as reference!