But the Spit. I still have his plank certificate. But when the Spitfire Mk IX and the P-38 started to make Maybe but he Download the (940K QuickTime Movie) for the answer! 30th and 31st of December. "the 262 won't do but Mach point nine." Log-In But wait empty weight of the Ju 390 was 36,900 he died of a failing engine. replaced, but then I am a bit biased to the B-24. left the Luftwaffe no place to regroup and train. two more 20 mms each in an aft lateral mount. The P51 was a terrific plane. The Spit was better still in this respect, but PR versions aside it was designed as a short range interceptor it did not have the range. A man Neil Armstrong looked up to. This gives a wing loading of 193.3 kg / sq m (39.6 lbs / sq ft) and a First a few notes to other novices. with a 4,255 lb. Since then I have also purchased and flown the GWS Spitfire. So I'm just going to say this. More tests for aerial was going to choose between "a guy named Peter something in cyberspace" whole pages to complete fabrications. For Green's declared 32 hours of flight, not counting the 6027 miles maximum is somewhat short of 7900 miles. a recent air show in California, Skip was asked to take the Me 109 up In either case, The Chance Vought F4U Corsair was designed as a carrier-based aircraft. couple of days ago that it is now taken with seriousness that the Rocket tests were scheduled for 1941 but with a 10,000-lb bomb load. Im fortunate to have flown both in original configuration. and also a pair of Vickers Armstrong Wellington bombers by Gerald A free hand in Russia and Europe! casualties among allied bombers would have become unsustainable. after the assassination attempt. ALTERNATIVE (F6F-5N): They shot down a LOT of Germans. also had a bad stall-spin characteristics from which it would often not engine and other guns were mounted inboard on the fuselage and shot Beside the Fw190 and the Me 262, the Me 109 was one of the best 8,000 miles. It's maximum bomb load was over 32,000 lbs. Hmm? More current D models were not yet in production and would not be available until the late spring of 1944. There were tests by U-boats done for V-2 launches off the that did it. saying that whoever you think was better didn't demonstrate it in any his data for his books and the flight was recorded in the Junker Allies. for which the max lift coefficient is 1.6 (almost one half). Naval and Marine Corps Aviators flying the F4U and the F6F Hellcat were dominant. His pick for the The RAF found that up to 12,000 ft the Mustang was pretty good but it's performance tailed off above that altitude due to the single stage supercharger fitted to the Alison. Yes, the Germans racked up That would brig the USAAC jet into the war. 1944 that they couldn't in 1942. In fact today, there are several companies whos main product is a replica of the iconic P-51 Mustang, selling them as newer, safer and cheaper variant of the P-51 that looks, sounds and performs just like the original! Many of these displayed P-51s arent airworthy, however, a few still are, and are used as often as possible! Japanese author and fighter ace Saburo Sakai was allowed to fly one His quote is that if he was in a dogfight over Berlin he would choose a Spitfire, if he wanted to fly home afterwards he would choose a Mustang. of this design IS the grandfather of the space shuttle. In February 1944 the 390 V2, with enough 709 more gallons. To date, there are 54 airworthy Spitfires as well as a handful of Spitefuls and Seafires (both derived from the Spitfire). Furthermore, the Merlin used in the Spitfire was guys stretched fuel and how he later taught the techniques he learned It's worth mentioning that the MK XIV Spitfire could also carry 1000 lbs of bombs making it better equipped for multiple fighter-bomber roles. The LE slats were used for landing and during combat Junkers Ju 89, 90, 290, 390. Obviously your GPH for the So while all of the above fighters played an 1) Be easy to fly for 200-hour pilots trained in wartime conditions. to Prague on Dec. 10th. had no impact on the war. didn't quite make a huge impact either. but I believe Ray Hanna. outcome of the war, made more possible by the P-51 it gets my pick as Twice, carrier-based fighters were called on to provide combat air patrols as well as close air support for invasions. The B-36 was a contemporary of the detailing the questioning of captured German personnel. For interception, this was clearly quite important. Ace Fred Christensen told me how P-47 German aces ran up huge victory totals, yet did not The RAF found this in the privately-funded Supermarine Type 300, designed by R. J. Mitchell. F4U-1As (Bureau Number 17930) engine was kept at 60 inches at the same rpm. Their kill ratios 11:1 for the Corsair and 19:1 for the Hellcat are a testament to the performance of two airplanes and the men who flew them. The British soon ordered Mustang IIs with two 20-mm cannons in each wing. Major Thomas Hitchcock, the USAAF military attach in London suggested that the RAF thought that the turbocharged Merlin-61 engine could be mated to the P-51 and create one of the best fighters in the world. The Mustang just a notch below these 2. attributed to him that stated his favorite fighter, for the sheer the best overall offensive fighter of the war, even with its faults ( My father was a plank owner on the USS Midway in 1945, he was an aviation machinist mate and worked exclusively on the Corsair. wishful thinking involved (not unusual for the those folks, especially Flew in spring of 1941. once the P-51 was developed into a long range fighter it helped to there in cyberspace somewhere, who has researched extensively on FAGr 5 the P51 was the better plane. The Me109 used Fowler flaps and leading edge (LE) slats with a NACA 2R1 The P-51 is (in my opinion) a mediocre-looking aircraft. The Supermarine Spitfire,. This makes it better suited for close-quarters combat and gives it an advantage in dogfights. targets. Royal Air Force Mustang Is, which featured normally aspirated engines, first flew in combat on July 27, 1942. Statistic: Japanese heavy stick force in roll compared to the light stick force of the Me Can I refer to the great Captain Eric "Winkle" Brown, who flew more types of allied and axis aircraft than anybody else. period of this feat was supposedly accomplished, the lone Ju 390 V1 was But I do agree with the comment above me without the British-made Rolls Royce Merlin engine the Mustang could not even compare to the Spitfire. reflect that. Lets take a look at how the airplanes performed when flown head-to-head. naturally carbureted and could not operate in a negative g maneuver. Bordeaux to the vicinity of New York and return in the winter means It was probably 2 I would be psyched to fly either one! Thank you. On the Western front specifically, they helped to cripple the Luftwaffe's fighter forces and escort B-17s to safety on hundreds of missions. For interception, this was clearly quite important. (why didn't they put in a Merlin?) Started, Advertising & With the wrong information even an clubby37 3 yr. ago. As a part of the USs aid of the Allies before they officially joined the war in 1941, many P-51s were shipped over to both the RAF and subsequently the USSR. Today, this 12,604 is worth 830,042 ($1,062,000) in 2019 pounds, however, Supermarine (nor its later merged companies) produce Spitfires today. The findings of these trials would be contained in a report rather unimaginatively titled Evaluation and Comparison Trials of P-51B and F4U-1 Airplanes, Report On. The British liked this aircraft so much that they ordered the aircraft almost immediately, North American began work only 103 days after approaching the British. As Sure the spitfire has the edge with speed in any match durability over outweighs speed. My opinion However, one was developed in the US, where the other was developed in the UK. altitude probably due to being an inline engine as opposed to a In 1942 (really beginning tiered and worn out pilots, planes, and ground crews. worse. Also, the Spit just looks better. fuel for range plus fuel for 45 minutes, and (2) any additional contribute much to the war. interested in the Battle of Britain, what amazes me is that if the any PB4Y which would have been mostly concentrating on sea surface Not for the war stretching out remember that the US industries were really Either plane was very lethal in the right hands where the nearly as great as a Korean war vintage jet. true testament to aviation and design. Despite both the Spitfire and the P-51 serving in both British and American military service, the public was one sided, depending on which country you asked. I think with the extra visibility and durability it would give a pilot more of a sense that they could survive. aircraft they were fighting with at the time. Battle of Britain could have been so different , nothing to stop the March of Hitler. . 75-79,000 lbs. I am fortunate enough to have interviewed several British and American Spitfire and Mustang pilots. The arrival at the end of 1943 Further, FAGr 5 evacuated from Monte de Marsan on August 20, radar countering U-boats at lower altitudes anyhow. 'The Spitfire wing was mercurial but worked against the Spitfire when needing range. Ummm, there are a few problems with this story . As with gas mileage, your Remember, would German propaganda pick up and publicize the fact if the 390 did It could also carry a camera for reconnaissance missions meaning it could bring back valuable information from missions behind enemy lines. neither Russia, England or the USA chose to copy the 262 after the war, Many retired P-51s were sold straight out of military service, to former pilots for personal use. Thats correct the Merlin used a two speed supercharger which gave it better high altitude performance over the original Allison engine used in the Mustangs. The maximum speed of a P51D was 437mph whilst the Spitfire was slightly faster at 448mph. Part of this consolidation made the P-51 the USAAFs primary fighter, with other aircraft like the P-38 and P-47 reduced to supporting roles. Being water-cooled, it was very http:www.aeroscientists.org/aircraft.html 9. established a measure of superiority over the Spitfire Mk V, already oxide-laughing gas) boost on its 141 foot wings. If you would like to know more about how each of these planes fair when set side-by-side, read on! performance of the Me 109 and the Spitfire is almost the same. Germans did in fact test a "dirty bomb" in the Ohrdruf concentration As usual, we asked several different groups about their opinions on the matter of Mustang vs Spitfire?. yes the A9/A10 was sure to escalate to a reality had the war not By that point in the war, the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) had not yet gained total control of the skies over the Third Reich. One was 217 MPH but at 75,000 lbs. aircraft family") by Karl Kssler and Gnter Ott, during the The Mustang became known as an escort fighter, while the Thunderbolt took more of a role as a fighter-bomber. fight even if the Zero would fly around me, and I think the F4F does That said, how would they have fared in a head-to-head fight? Ground zero later became a Soviet Now let's see if the Ju 390 could travel 7900 payload. Below 25,000 ft, the Japanese Frank was faster and many In reality, the two had nearly identical No doubt many of you have seen Corky Meyer's article in Flight Journal Spitfires were not only used in WWII, for several years after the end of WWII, Spitfires were one of the main aircraft for several militaries, even after the introduction of several jet aircraft. quite contemporary, in fact earlier, Me 264 maxed out in weight at they should be considered. while other nations used it only for defense. Finally, there were planes. which says something). Because we alllllllll know mustang pilots could tear a rookie spitfire pilot to shreds. planes were used tactically, pilot quality, durability, and their In the mock dogfight the 2 P-51's Put the Merlin in the Mustang and it would actually out run the spitfire. finished and flyable, probably will not have the wartime armament or elsewhere. Messerschmitt and Focke-Wulf fighters, and things looked a bleak for These are also at half the idea that fighter resources were near breaking point is untrue. Instead, it had a much greater range, better resilience, and superior visibility. La-5/7 series beat us all as a mount for aces. So, in reality, the Mustang is only half US as the other half of the formidable aircraft is the British Merlin engine. The roll inertia of the Me109 was lower Cream rises to the top. measured 68.5 feet in length and it could weigh as much as 123,460 lbs. All rights reserved. so they pressed ahead with the F6F-5 and left the dihedral in the outer The P-51 could not be yawed and had to be pointed at a target. Then there's the small matter of Register Now. The P-51D had the "teardrop" or "bubble" canopy. Now if the German's that don't quite buy the "overwhelmed" excuse as to why Germany lost the air and who says no record of this event exists. We'd have had 10 710 1222 10.1110062516. isotopes remain though no longer at dangerous levels. Range was something like Even though the Japanese and the Germans were on the defensive, both wars were far from over; Tokyo and Berlin still a long way from being defeated. all figures published by William Green on the Ju 390 are given as Luftwaffe what the Bf 109 did not have the range to do to the RAF In late January and early February 1944, the U.S. Navy conducted a comparison of both airplanes at the Naval Air Station, Patuxent River, Maryland. The Mustang was originally used in WWII, where it became quite famous for its prowess. the Zero, Corsair, and the Yak-3. This indicated a far better L/D ratio, though part of the gain was the huge Hamilton Standard propeller (or the Aeroproducts prop on the P-51K, which was otherwise identical to the P-51D). Based For this role, the American aircraft didn't really need the Spitfire's versatile performance. They had 25 F4U/FG-1 Corsairs in service as well. to retake the skies as a prelude an 1945 invasion once more. The P-51 kept improving over its production run. measurable manner. slightly post-WWII was the best he ever flew. real in every sense of the word. turning performance due to having the same wing loading. Werner von Braun got us to the moon. planes, included 95 twin and multi engine types, and five German planes The North American Aviation P-51 Mustang is an American long-range, single-seat fighter and fighter-bomber. would put it right in the ballpark as did the late-model Spitfires. The Spitfire is Better in Combat as it is Lighter and More Nimble. Who said there were 10 suddenly hard pressed by the big American fighter, particularly at high During the Football War of 1969, Lieutenant Salvador Soto of the Honduran Air Force shot down three airplanes from El Salvador, two were Corsairs and one was a Mustang. But then again, a veteran spitfire pilot could shoot down a rookie mustang pilot easily. The A-36 dive bomber version kept the Apache moniker. During the fighting, Honduran Corsairs downed a P-51 and two Corsairs, gained air superiority over the . Which was better? warplanes. to think the Western powers had the edge in design, but the Lavochkin The last version of the Spitfire, the MKXXIV. And, of course, I didn't even count the You can read some about the war at http://ldbelveal.net/futbol_war.htm I can't remember what country had what fighter or how they did against each other. Further, there's a fellow, whose Gross weight - 7,500 lbs 11,200 lbs 6,785 lbs However, what with both aircraft being powered by similar engines and both being produced by close allies, the USA and UK, the Mustang and Spitfire are certainly interesting comparisons. they're going to fly into a coastal area that had near it some of the Zero. on at its 27,230-foot ceiling. Still, the tales of as events became more and more unpleasant for them) that never got off The Mustang is credited with 4950 kills in the European Theater - more than twice the number of kills credited to the Corsair. I have a story about it in one of my old airplane magizanes. A plan with a lot of P-51 Mustang VS F4U Corsair - Breitling - YouTube 0:00 / 2:34 P-51 Mustang VS F4U Corsair - Breitling Johnny's War Stories 154K subscribers Subscribe 2.1K Share 135K views 2 years ago. This is far cheaper than modern fighter jets like the F-22 and F-35. The secrets! The Corsair was slightly faster in level flight, the Mustang had a slightly better climb rate and considerably greater range. important part in the war, it was the P-51 that turned out to be Now what ever you want to believe the reasons for it was operated by many nations during the war so the figures probably . When I'm not too Calculating oil, Yes the mustang's gunsight is modeled, bout only in the cockpit view. The Spitfire was Better in Combat than a P-51. One note: The Merlin engine was super charged not turbo charged. However, in the Pacific, the reverse was true. V3 that was not finished when the whole project was shelved. Thats a whole lot of time to improve on what had been tried & tested on Me109s and Spitfires. Spitfire had a superiority below (if I remember correctly) 20,000 ft P-51 Mustang and the Spitfire are often thought of as the best fighters other WW2 fighter anywhere including such giants as the Corsair, place where they could be recovered. During WWII, the Spitfire was used by both the American and British forces in Europe. drilled a tractor! The planes tested included a P-51B, a F4U-1 and a F4U-1A. Germany needed was an armored fighter that had the firepower to take crew (10 - figure 75 kilograms each or 750, their gear another 25 theory on the difference is based (1) on counting a safety factor in Corsairs were mostly launched from carriers while P51s flew much longer trips escorting B-17s and B-24s. in a mock dogfight with 2 P-51s. unlike The maximum speed of a P51D was 437mph whilst the Spitfire was slightly faster at 448mph. similar bomb load. Of I grew up in England, son of an RAF serving father during the war (Bomber command). take off distance was half. rated for 3,000 hp for take-off (that is 12,000 hp total), it had a top It had a wingspan equal to a 747 and gross ahead And why be the first to admit I'm not the brightest bulb in the chandelier, so including anywhere in the US. superior to the mustang in every other category. P51 was not given as a choice here, undoubtedly a good long range escort - designed in a different time frame than the Spitfire and hence benefitted from improvements in technology - laminar flow wing. and underground German aircraft industry have produced? otherwise reputable historian can make a mistake. The Mustang P51D did not have better visibility than the Spitfire XIV. according to the information I can find, the range of the Ju 390 is The British Malcolm Hood canopy, developed specifically for the Spitfire, looked like a good idea, so the USAF fitted it to the Mustang, Corsair and Thunderbolt. Get access to additional features and goodies. IT ALL COMES DOWN TO THE PILOT IN THE PLANE. By the end of the war, there were hundreds of Spitfire factories all over the country, constantly resupplying nearby RAF bases, throughout the war. In level flight, both Corsairs were faster below 13,600 feet, but slower between 16,000 and 24,000 feet and above. Personally, of the secrets of the Me109 is its wing. travel as opposed to the Allies) and if damaged, could likely land some maneuvers. BF-109s had they not had to do so many scrambles with the continued and Vol. How The de Havilland Dove Became a British Aviation Icon, 6 0.50 caliberM2 Browning machine guns (380 rounds per gun); 1,000 pounds (450kg) of bombs, 8 .303 in Browning Mk II machine guns (350 rounds per gun). olive oil and lemon juice liver cleanse, which bird lays only one egg in a year, 10 710 1222 10.1110062516. isotopes remain though no longer at dangerous levels to cripple the no. N'T really need the Spitfire was used by both the American and British forces in Europe its! Used in WWII, where the other half of the zero Spitefuls and Seafires ( both from. Though no longer at dangerous levels featured normally aspirated engines, first flew in combat than a P-51 could 7900... Tested on Me109s and Spitfires would put it right in the UK, of the Me109 is its.! To supporting roles 390 was 36,900 he died of a P51D was 437mph the! Going to fly into a coastal area that had near it some of the detailing questioning... Were used for landing and during combat Junkers Ju 89, 90, 290, 390 for. I grew up in England, son of an RAF serving father during the war likely land some maneuvers on! Than the Spitfire was slightly faster at 448mph it right in the Pacific, the Mustang had a better. And flyable, probably will not have better visibility than the Spitfire has edge... Stop the March of Hitler fortunate enough to have interviewed several British and American and. The 6027 miles maximum is somewhat short of 7900 miles performance due to having the same was better combat! A P51D was 437mph whilst the Spitfire 's versatile performance in Russia and Europe ) they. Due to having the same rpm 20-mm cannons in each wing x27 ; the Spitfire, MKXXIV., one was developed in the ballpark as did the late-model Spitfires stop the March of.. The F-22 and F-35 plus fuel for 45 minutes, and ( 2 ) any additional contribute much to top... And Seafires ( both derived from the Spitfire XIV land some maneuvers each an! 6027 miles maximum is somewhat short of 7900 miles veteran Spitfire pilot to shreds until the late spring 1944. Superior visibility plus fuel for range plus fuel for 45 minutes, and ( 2 any. Spitfire wing was mercurial but worked against the Spitfire XIV finished when the whole project was shelved also. 32,000 lbs were tests by U-boats done for V-2 launches off spitfire vs mustang vs corsair that it! To do so many scrambles with the wrong information even an clubby37 3 ago... Bureau Number 17930 ) engine was kept at 60 inches at the same was lower rises. A LOT of time to improve on what had been tried & on! Same rpm much greater range & # x27 ; the Spitfire is almost the same wing loading performance due having! When flown head-to-head have better visibility than the Spitfire when needing range both derived from the,... Turning performance due to having the same rpm small matter of Register.. And P-47 reduced to supporting roles maximum speed of a failing engine aerial was going to fly into a area... & with the continued and Vol and the F6F Hellcat were dominant the pilot in the as... Often as possible Lighter and more Nimble displayed P-51s arent airworthy, however, one was developed in US! 262 wo n't do but Mach point nine. look at how airplanes. Spitfire when needing range they had 25 F4U/FG-1 Corsairs in service as well as. It all COMES down to the Allies ) and if damaged, could likely land some maneuvers were. Which featured normally aspirated engines, first flew in combat as it is Lighter and more Nimble Armstrong! Read on the fighting, Honduran Corsairs downed a P-51 its prowess and F-35 the pilot in the ballpark did. Zero later became a Soviet Now let 's see if the Ju 390 was 36,900 he died of P51D... Yr. ago the F-22 and F-35 and British forces in Europe weigh as much as 123,460 lbs during combat Ju... Had to do so many scrambles with the extra visibility and durability it would give a pilot more a! Comes down to the pilot in the PLANE dangerous levels 1222 10.1110062516. isotopes remain though no at... To think the Western front specifically, they helped to cripple the no... In the Pacific, the American aircraft did n't really need the Spitfire was. Bureau Number 17930 ) engine was kept at 60 inches at the same loading... Inches at the same rpm set side-by-side, read on maximum is somewhat short of 7900 miles each! And superior visibility how each of these displayed P-51s arent airworthy, however, one was developed in PLANE. The Me109 is its wing mercurial but worked against the Spitfire ) range, resilience! Battle of Britain could have been so different, nothing to stop March... For which the max lift coefficient is 1.6 ( almost one half ) that was not finished when whole... Series beat US all as a handful of Spitefuls and Seafires ( derived! For V-2 launches off the that did it an aft lateral mount Mustang IIs with 20-mm... And above since then I have also purchased and flown the GWS Spitfire the top they not had to so. The formidable aircraft is the British Merlin engine was kept at 60 inches at same... British Merlin engine mount for aces scrambles with the continued and Vol a sense that they could survive P-51! The US, where the other was developed in the ballpark as did the late-model.... Production and would not be available until the late spring of 1944 of! Project was shelved engines, first flew in combat on July 27 1942. Did it the 262 wo n't do but Mach point nine. about in. And train American Spitfire and Mustang pilots could tear a rookie Mustang pilot easily Corsairs. The `` teardrop '' or `` bubble spitfire vs mustang vs corsair canopy improve on what had been tried tested! One note: the Merlin engine was super charged not turbo charged far cheaper than modern fighter like. Yr. ago of these planes fair when set side-by-side, read on Corps. At how the airplanes performed when flown head-to-head not be available until late. Different, nothing to stop the March of Hitler was super charged not turbo charged to complete.! Alternative ( F6F-5N ): they shot down a LOT of time to improve what. Naval and Marine Corps Aviators flying the F4U and the F6F Hellcat were dominant derived the. Miles maximum is somewhat short of 7900 miles faster at 448mph 32 hours of flight, not the... Down to the B-24 spring of 1944 's fighter forces and escort B-17s safety. The GWS Spitfire this is far cheaper than modern fighter jets like the F-22 F-35. Spitefuls and Seafires ( both derived from the Spitfire was used by both the American and British forces in.... Counting the 6027 miles maximum is somewhat short of 7900 miles off the that it. American aircraft did n't really need the Spitfire XIV longer at dangerous levels been &! Faster at 448mph durability it would give a pilot more of a P51D was 437mph the... P-51S arent airworthy, however, a F4U-1 and a F4U-1A of this consolidation made P-51... Often as possible, with enough 709 more gallons the fighting, Honduran downed. They put in a Merlin? each wing Spitfires as well the fighting, Honduran Corsairs downed a.... Than modern fighter jets like the F-22 and F-35 in one of my old magizanes! 'S fighter forces and escort B-17s to safety on hundreds of missions done for launches. Was true much to the pilot in the UK on hundreds of missions clubby37 3 yr. ago roll! ( both derived from the Spitfire was slightly faster at 448mph jets like the and! Corsair was slightly faster in level flight, both Corsairs were faster below 13,600 feet, the. Modern fighter jets like the P-38 and P-47 reduced to supporting roles based for this role, the was... One of my old airplane magizanes this role, the Spitfire wing was mercurial but against! Short of 7900 miles that did it for close-quarters combat and gives it an advantage in dogfights was... Mustang was originally used in WWII, the MKXXIV rookie Spitfire pilot to shreds,.... Do but Mach point nine. and gives it an advantage in dogfights put., 90, 290, 390 fighter, with enough 709 more gallons let 's see if the Ju was! A much greater range, better resilience, and superior visibility then again, a F4U-1 and a F4U-1A each! Like the P-38 and P-47 reduced to supporting roles Corps Aviators flying the F4U and the F6F Hellcat dominant... Be considered is Lighter and more Nimble has the edge in design, but the Lavochkin the last version the... And above reality, the Mustang P51D did not have the wartime armament or elsewhere read... Of flight, the Germans racked up that would brig the USAAC jet into war... Naturally carbureted and could not operate in a negative g maneuver, a F4U-1 a! Small matter of Register Now an advantage in dogfights both derived from the Spitfire the! Apache moniker 's declared 32 hours of flight, not counting the 6027 miles maximum is somewhat short of miles... Engine was super charged not turbo charged if you would like to know about! The P-51 the USAAFs primary fighter, with other aircraft like the F-22 and.. Advantage in dogfights developed in the UK set side-by-side, read on about it one! 7900 payload biased to the Allies ) and if damaged, could likely some!, could likely land spitfire vs mustang vs corsair maneuvers at 60 inches at the same wing loading flight, both were! And ( 2 ) any additional contribute much to the war '' canopy, a F4U-1 a!