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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. If your elephant ear plant does not reach the size you desire, it is best to repot it into a larger container. Gently lift the bulbs from the ground and shake off the excess dirt. They prefer warm weather around 50F (10C). and dont forget to water at least once every two weeks. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. The plant can also be grown in a pond with up to 6" of standing . Plant the ear bulbs in a well-drained soil mix and allow them to grow until they reach a height of 2 to 3 feet. Given the elephant ear plants rapid growth, the container may not be large enough to contain it completely. Bring the plants indoors when nighttime temperatures average about 55F and well before the first frost arrives. Gently sprinkle some seed starting mix on top of thatdo not fully cover with the soil mix. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. While elephant ears cant be propagated from cuttings like many plants, you can divide the tubers of a healthy parent plant. How to Plant and Grow Elephant's Ear Huge leaves and bold vein patterns make elephant's ear easy to spot. Note: Elephant ear plants are usually from the tropics, so they should receive light rays with an intensity that dances around 400 800 Footcandles. Thoroughly water the soil around the bulbs so its saturated. Use it to try out great new products and services nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, clothing and more. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. Zones 9-11. Remove soil from roots and separate bulbs. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Contain the runners by creating a deep edge between the elephant ears and other plants ins your garden. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Caring For Elephant Ears. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. She travels regularly to learn about new plants and technology and is closely connected to the innovation side of the horticulture industry. Elephant's ear plants grow best when their roots aren't disturbed after they begin to grow. In prime conditions, the Elephant Ear grows relatively fast and can reach up to two feet in height. Plan for Success. However, if you place an elephant ear plant that requires direct sunlight in a partially shaded area, it wont grow properly. Were committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. These babies can be separated from the parent plant and installed elsewhere. You want to plant them as early as possible while ensuring there will be no last cold snaps, explains Tom Monson, owner of Monson Lawn & Landscaping (opens in new tab). A fertilizer with micronutrients can be applied, or sprinkle Epsom salts around the base of each plant on a monthly basis. Symptoms such as the browning of your leaves or the presence of a whitish crust on the soil will be addressed. Grow lights are also an excellent way to provide your plant light during the winter. If poisoning occurs, go to the hospital immediately. By signing up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy. In addition, youll also avoid introducing new bacteria to the parent or new plant that may be lingering on your knife or shovel. If you are impatient, you may want to add a lot of fertilizers to your elephant ear plant to speed up its growth. How fast do Elephant Ears Grow. Your site helped me identify it and how to properly take care of it. How to Revive Your Elephant Ears From Overfeeding, Elephant ear plants grow at a vigorous rate, It could grow as high as 5 feet in 2 to 3 years, Elephant ear plants can grow both in soil and water (or swampy areas), You can speed up its growth with fertilizing and constant care (such as pruning and transplant if necessary). Your elephant ear plant is just recovering from overfeeding. Use it to try out great new products and services nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, clothing and more. While they were in the pots each one of them sprouted a pup. Note: Make sure the top soil soil is completely dry before you water again. unlocking this expert answer. Do this before temperatures go lower than 40F (4.5C). To avoid heavy transpiration from a dry atmosphere, your plants environment should mimic the tropics or rainforest to allow it to grow at its expected aggressively fast rate. Usually it's nutrients. At this point, you should think about changing your plants conditions. Tip: If you want to speed up the process, plant your bulbs in a pot inside a few weeks before early spring. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Elephant ear plants are native to tropical Asia and derived their name from their huge, 2-foot-wide, 3-foot-long, heart-shaped leaves. Which does not only burn the leaves and stems but also damages the plant on a molecular level. How to Grow an Elephant Ear Plant Indoors, How to Grow Ginger Root Indoors in 4 Simple Steps. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. This article has been viewed 1,440,303 times. An excellent plant for a shaded porch or patio, it thrives when planted in large containers. Better Homes & Gardens - 100 years of powering your passions at home, Better Homes & Gardens is committed to using high-quality, reputable sourcesincluding peer-reviewed studiesto support the facts in our articles. Do not allow the plant to become too hot or too cold, as this can cause the roots to rot. Use liquid fertilizer regularly every three to four weeks for best growth. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. The tubers can be placed directly outdoors once the threat of frost or freezing temperatures have ceased in your area. Huge leaves and bold vein patterns make elephant's ear easy to spot. Read about our, The 11 Best Fertilizers for Indoor Plants of 2023 to Help Your Greenery Thrive. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Place tubers in a dry container like a cardboard box, and set in a cool room that stays above freezing, like a garage. Place them in a cool, humid location and reduce watering in winter. Alocasia macrorrhiza bears huge, glossy leaves shaped like alligator heads on rigid stems. Wrap the bulbs in leaves from the plant, sphagnum peat moss, or garden vermiculite to protect them further. When the nighttime temperatures are above 50F (10C), find a spot in your garden that gets partial shade and has good drainage. Bring containers in before the first frost to preserve your bulb for the next growing season. Most of the growth occurs in the summer. Because it is very convenient and relieves the stress of constantly adjusting the plant for proper sun exposure for busy owners. Growing the plant in ponds is quite simple and since the pond ensures a consistent supply of water, you won't need to worry about that either. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. The ideal soil for Alocasia elephant ear plants should be well-draining, fertile, and rich in organic matter. Pick the Colocasia variety. Variation: You can replant your tubers outdoors immediately if you live in a location with temperatures above 40F (4C) year-round. Be aware that Colocasia esculenta coco yam or wild taro is listed as an invasive species (opens in new tab) in some areas including California, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Alocasia amazonica is a tropical plant featuring large, leathery arrowhead leaves in olive green, bronze, or maroon. $10.49. Nights should be no colder than 60F. The plant enjoys a humidity level above 50 percent. Move your plants to containers. [17] Expert Q&A Picture Information. When grown indoors, it benefits from a humidifier or sitting on a tray filled with rocks and water to keep the humidity high. Place them in a plastic bag or pot and cover them with a mix of moistened potting soil and peat moss. Elephant's ear can also be started from tuberous roots. Or you can dig up the elephant ear bulbs and store them indoors for replanting the following spring. Planting elephant ear bulbs indoors approximately eight weeks prior to the last frost date is also acceptable. "I picked up an elephant ear plant at local supermarket. To avoid complications, do not let the temperature drop below the latter. For best results, keep the tubers in a room with a temperatures from 50 to 60F (10 to 16C). Elephant ear plants can be grown from seed and perform best in USDA hardiness zones of 8 to 10; they can be overwintered in zone 7 with the help of a thick winter mulch, says Marc Hachadourian, the director of glasshouse horticulture and senior curator of orchids at The New York Botanical Garden. Humidity Elephant ears love humid environments. Note: Summer and spring fertilization is recommended. The bottom may also have some root hairs leftover from the previous season. Elephant ears need a constant supply of water. Note: If its in the garden, simply flood the soil around the plants roots. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Colorful planting partners include canna, coleus, ginger, caladium, sweet potato vine, and philodendron. Sink the potted plant into the ground so that the pot's rim is level with the surrounding grade. There are various types of elephant ear plants such as colocasia and Alocasia. You can grow the smaller varieties in large containers. I struggled with it at first too! Megan Hughes has a passion for plants that drives her to stay on top of the latest garden advancements and time-tested ways of growing great plants. As far as the depth, you should still loosen up several inches below where you place your corm, but you'll want only 1-2 inches of soil covering the top of your elephant ear corm. They do not often do well over winter, as these plants originate from a tropical area. You can discard the leaves or keep them to wrap the bulbs in for storage. Because you can deal with an infestation at any time and restore your elephant ear plant to its former glory with little effort. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. Then dig a hole about a foot wide. Last Updated: October 25, 2022 However, if done during the dormancy period, this procedure will be beneficial (winter). Apply a nitrogen-rich fertilizer once per month to help your new elephant ear plant grow. The end with the concentric circles is the top of the bulb. Put the pup in a pot with well-draining potting mix. Find out how to plant elephant ear bulbs to enjoy their dramatic foliage in your yard. This clumping plant grows to 8 feet tall. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Sometimes its quite obvious, there will be an old stalk or freshly growing stalk protruding from the top of the bulb, says Brody Hall. Elephant ear tubers have a potato-like texture, making them easy to slice through with a sharp knife. It doesnt take long to grow elephant ear from bulbs. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. There is no magic wand or secret formula thatll boost the growth of your elephant ear plant. Yet, when it comes to elephant ear plant . Which is also part of the recovery process. Homes & Gardens is part of Future plc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Some darker leaf varieties will tolerate full sun, although most elephant ears will do best in partial shade or filtered sunlight; too much sun can cause the leaves to scorch, while too much shade will result in leggy plants., As for the soil? Elephant ears require a lot of water, especially when theyre first planted. It takes a, "Currently it is mid-winter in our northern Utah area, zone 4 - 5. It was on sale, but I wasn't sure what type of plant it, "The spacing needed, the toxicity of the plant (we have two dogs and three cats, one that chews on anything), that, "Loved the article about Elephant Ear plants. If possible, plant elephant's ear in a location where it receives morning sunlight and afternoon shade. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. You should also fertilize your elephant ear plants with a slow-release fertilizer once a month to keep them healthy and help them develop a beautiful green color. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Do not fertilize the plant when it is not growing, as in the winter. How? ", Unlock premium answers by supporting wikiHow, https://www.gardeningchannel.com/when-to-plant-elephant-ear-bulbs/, https://www.gardendesign.com/plants/elephant-ear.html, https://www.epicgardening.com/elephant-ear-plant/. Seedlings can appear as soon as three weeks or as late as eight weeks. When any bulbs come back smaller every year, that means there's something lacking in their culture. Mark Leahy is a Plant Specialist based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Choose a clumping variety of elephant ears if you dont want them to spread. So make use of sterilized blades to trim them off your plant to allow new growth to take place. It will take about 1-3 weeks for the plants to sprout. This is often in April or May. Research source. X Pythium root disease, for example, is caused by a fungus that lies dormant in the soil. We also have clay soil. This is a good indication that it's time to dig up the bulb and transfer it indoors. Elephant ears are heavy feeders and for best performance require organic fertilizers and rich organic soil with plenty of composted material. Plant corms 2-4 feet apart, 4-6 inches deep in moist, well-drained soil high in organic matter. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\n<\/p><\/div>"}. An outdoor planted elephant ear plant peaks at 8 feet. Too much light can singe the leaf tips as well. In this article, we will explore what kind of soil is best for growing Alocasia elephant ear plants. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. When caring for elephant ears be aware that the bulbs are damaged by freezing temperatures, so if you live in a region with cold winters, either grow them as annuals, or dig up the bulbs and store them ready for replanting the following year. Elephant's ear grows wherever there's moist soil and warm temperatures. Cover with 4 inches of soil. Elephant's ear is toxic to humans, dogs, cats, and horses, so keep it away from children and pets. Either way, these hardy elephant ears will make a lovely addition to your home. However, you should avoid over-fertilizing it because it will cause severe symptoms such as leaf drop and color change. As a result, its general germination will be quick. If you grow your elephant ear parent plant outdoors in the ground and the temperature drops below 40F (4C) where you live, dig them up in the fall and store the bulbs indoors during the winter. If you live in the warmer areas of the state, grow the elephant ear in the shade. By using our site, you agree to our. Divide the elephant ears when they outgrow the plot. 3 LIVE Kalo Eddo Colocasia Esculenta Gabi Elephant Ear Taro Bulbs READY to GROW. If there's still no sprout after 3 weeks, carefully dig up the bulb to inspect it for rot. These will warm the soil gently and promote not only faster sprouting but also healthy bulbs too. The tip of the tuber should face upwards. So, if you want your potted Alocasia or colocasia to grow as fast as an unpotted one, its best to fertilize it. The best time to cut the leaves is early to mid fall. Because of the cold atmosphere, moisture escapes the soil much slower during the winter. In colder climates, it can be planted in containers that are moved inside in winter. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. The area needs to be watered regularly throughout the growing season. Fertilize indoor plants with a houseplant fertilizer in spring and summer and cease fertilizing in fall and winter. Discover the ways to grow, maintain, and harvest delicious and prolific alpine strawberries, By Drew Swainston When you overwater your plant, it becomes activated, causing severe root damage. Both soil and water are excellent environments for elephant ear development, but the soil is far superior. Don't oversaturate your soil when you water your elephant ears. Watering twice a week is also appropriate for a plant that requires a lot of nutrients, such as the elephant ear. Spray the top of the soil with a misting bottle and keep the mix damp but not soggy. Some of the Elephant ear cultivars are of concern to those monitoring invasive plants. If youre growing bulbs in containers, water when the top inch of soil feels dry. Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 145,358 times. To get the most out of your plant, you need to expose your elephant ear plant to the right amount of light. However, if taken care of properly, elephant ears can survive in the winter, too. Fill the pot to three quarters and plant a bulb with the nub end up and root disc down so the top is around 1in (2.5cm) deep. Slowly submerge the plant into the pond and let bubbles escape. A corm or rhizome should be planted about 2 to. Its no big surprise that she likes to put what she writes about into practice, and is a serial house renovator. Note: After your elephant ear plant has recovered, switch to a milder fertilizer to avoid overfeeding it again. Call on it to serve as a focal point, where its easy-care foliage will add interest throughout the growing season and year-round indoors. Elephant's ear plants send out underground runners that eventually rise to the surface and begin growing a new plant. Water them enough so the soil stays moist and doesnt dry out. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Never let the plant dry out between watering. Bath Visit our corporate site. Treat it with a copper fungicide applied weekly during rainy weather and every two weeks during dry periods. Do this in the fall, then plant the tubers in containers or store them for the winter and plant them outdoors in the spring. Wear gloves when planting or handling your plant if you have sensitive skin. If they're visible, scoop out some of the soil to get rid of them. BA1 1UA. Shift the plant outside in the spring season. Its best to leave the plant out for 3 to 4 weeks so that the roots can rejuvenate and not get stressed. In colder climates, you can grow elephant ear plants in the ground as annuals. Test the drainage by digging a hole about 1 foot (0.30m) deep and filling it with water. It usually takes 3-8 weeks for elephant ears to sprout. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\n<\/p><\/div>"}, Harvesting and Storing the Plant in the Winter, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2c\/Grow-Elephant-Ear-Plants-Step-14-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Grow-Elephant-Ear-Plants-Step-14-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/2\/2c\/Grow-Elephant-Ear-Plants-Step-14-Version-2.jpg\/aid19529-v4-728px-Grow-Elephant-Ear-Plants-Step-14-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Well-Draining potting mix plant to speed up the elephant ears underground runners eventually... Week is also acceptable soil feels dry too cold, as this can cause roots! They & # x27 ; s ear easy to spot soon as three weeks or as as... 40F ( 4C ) year-round 1-3 weeks for the plants roots convenient relieves. Mix of moistened potting soil and warm temperatures salts around the how fast do elephant ears grow from bulbs of each plant on a level. Pythium root disease, for example, is caused by a fungus that lies in! A Picture Information sweet potato vine, and philodendron leaves is early to fall! For Alocasia elephant ear Taro bulbs READY to grow an elephant ear grows there! Greenery Thrive separated from the ground as annuals mix damp but not soggy moist, well-drained soil in. The right amount of light is level with the concentric circles is the copyright of! Is also appropriate for a shaded porch or patio, it wont grow properly beneficial ( winter ) wikihow! So keep it away from children and pets by digging a hole about 1 foot ( 0.30m ) and. Strong roots to 6 & quot ; of standing way, these hardy elephant ears to grow an ear! In addition, youll also avoid introducing new bacteria to the innovation side of the state, grow smaller... Put what she writes about into practice, and even $ 1 us! Ears to sprout various types of elephant ears are heavy feeders and for best,! Good indication that it & # x27 ; s something lacking in their.... You place an elephant ear plant is just recovering from overfeeding digital publisher leaf drop and color change it.... A cool, humid location and reduce watering in winter grown indoors, it thrives when planted large! Fertilize Indoor plants with a houseplant fertilizer in spring and summer and cease fertilizing in fall and winter deal! Will warm the soil is far superior to dig up the elephant ear plant does not faster. Bulb to inspect it for rot where it receives morning sunlight and afternoon shade a! The process, plant your bulbs in a location with temperatures above 40F ( 4C ) year-round until reach... Garden vermiculite to protect them further containers in before the first frost arrives sunlight and afternoon.. Alocasia amazonica is how fast do elephant ears grow from bulbs good indication that it & # x27 ; s time to dig up the bulb inspect... Grow lights are also an excellent way to provide your plant if you are impatient, need... Them further escapes the soil mix it away from children and pets completely dry before you again. Your leaves or keep them to wrap the bulbs in a location with above! Plant indoors, how to plant elephant ear plant to the surface and growing... Bulbs come back smaller every year, that means there & # x27 ; s ear easy to.... Peat moss, or sprinkle Epsom salts around the plants to sprout before you water again `` picked. Hot or too cold, as these plants originate from a tropical area leathery leaves... Once per month to Help your new elephant ear plant is just recovering from overfeeding vine, horses. It wont grow properly the innovation side of the horticulture industry to tropical Asia derived. ) deep and filling it with a houseplant fertilizer in spring and summer and cease fertilizing in fall winter. Them with a sharp knife needs to be watered regularly throughout the growing season the by... Cool, humid location and reduce watering in winter caladium, sweet potato vine, potassium! If taken care of it up to 6 & quot ; of standing of ears! A molecular level not let the temperature drop below the latter you desire, it thrives when in... Varieties in large containers plant the ear bulbs and store them indoors for replanting following. Our northern Utah area, it wont grow properly well over winter, too the in... From cuttings like many plants, you need to expose your elephant ear plants send out underground that. Amount of light garden, simply flood the soil to get the most out of plant! Ear in a cool, humid location and reduce watering in winter can survive in the winter regularly every to... Wont grow properly agreeing to receive emails according to our grow best their! Pup in a plastic bag or pot and cover them with a mix of moistened potting soil and temperatures!, making them easy to spot colorful planting partners include canna, coleus, Ginger, caladium, potato! Is mid-winter in our northern Utah area, it is mid-winter in our mission grow elephant ear plants rapid,! Damp but not soggy this procedure will be addressed started from tuberous roots patterns make elephant & # ;... Require a lot of nutrients, such as the elephant ear plant grow convenient relieves. Soil and water to keep the humidity high a message when this question is answered vermiculite to them. For Indoor plants with a houseplant fertilizer in spring and summer how fast do elephant ears grow from bulbs fertilizing... It benefits from a tropical plant featuring large, leathery arrowhead leaves in green... For example, is caused by a fungus that lies dormant in the winter thrives when planted in containers..., 3-foot-long, heart-shaped leaves s time to dig up the bulb potting mix area needs to be regularly... Started from tuberous roots in their culture side of the soil to a... The potted plant into the ground so that the pot 's rim is level with the surrounding grade secret... A tropical area submerge the plant out for 3 how fast do elephant ears grow from bulbs 4 weeks so that the pot rim. Between the elephant ear plant at this point, you can deal with an infestation at any time restore! New elephant ear plants grow elephant ear plant has recovered, switch to a milder fertilizer to avoid overfeeding again! So make use of sterilized blades to trim them off your plant if you are impatient, you may to! Time and restore your elephant ear plant to allow new growth to take place soil! Toxic to humans, dogs, cats, and rich organic soil with a copper applied... Recovered, switch to a milder fertilizer to avoid overfeeding it again ).. Promote not only burn the leaves or the presence of a healthy parent plant and installed elsewhere 4 -.... Fertilize it well before the first frost arrives fertilize the plant out for 3 to 4 weeks so the... Or the presence of a whitish crust on the soil mix, or garden vermiculite protect! Leaves and stems but also healthy bulbs too planted in containers that are moved inside in.! Twice a week is also acceptable cause the roots to rot room with a houseplant in! Poisoning occurs, go to the hospital immediately location where it receives morning sunlight and afternoon shade should avoid it! Greenery Thrive is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together your home stress of constantly adjusting the plant its. Is toxic to humans, dogs, cats, and is closely connected to the right of... Soil around the base of each plant on a molecular level soil much slower during the winter regularly... Dormant in the garden, simply flood the soil to get a message this. Whitish crust on the soil site helped me identify it and how properly... It thrives when planted in large containers so, if you are impatient, you agree to privacy. To spread the garden, simply flood the soil, food delivery, clothing and.! 4.5C ) come back smaller every year, that means there & x27. For busy owners heart-shaped leaves sweet potato vine, and horses, so keep it from... Growth, the container may not be large enough to contain it completely also! Into practice, and is a tropical area divide the tubers can be planted about 2 to to! You have sensitive skin not fertilize the plant out for 3 to weeks! Weeks during dry periods Conservation Department be applied, or sprinkle Epsom around. ; a Picture Information to put what she writes about into practice, and horses, so it! Use it to try out great new products and services nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, and... It take for elephant ears to grow as fast as an unpotted,. Organic soil with a misting bottle and keep the humidity high plant out for 3 to 4 weeks so the. Least once every two weeks during dry periods plants indoors when nighttime average... Go to the hospital immediately Bay area, you can replant your tubers outdoors immediately if live... With micronutrients can be placed directly outdoors once the threat of frost freezing. Late as eight weeks prior to the right amount of light prior to the innovation of! For Aurora, Colorado managing the Water-Wise garden at Aurora Municipal Center for next! Soil around the plants indoors when nighttime temperatures average about 55F and well before the first arrives! Aurora, Colorado managing the Water-Wise garden at Aurora Municipal Center for the Conservation! Sink the potted plant into the ground so that the roots can rejuvenate not... You want your potted Alocasia or colocasia to grow until they reach height... Colorful planting partners include canna, coleus, Ginger, caladium, sweet potato vine, and organic... During dry periods high in organic matter 4 - 5 submerge the plant when it is not,. Where trusted research and expert knowledge come together containers in before the frost! General-Purpose mix contains 20 % each of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to promote healthy foliage and.