While Chola kings built their largest temples for Shiva and even while emperors like Rajaraja CholaI held titles like Sivapadasekharan, in none of their inscriptions did the Chola emperors proclaim that their clan only and solely followed Shaivism or that Shaivism was the state religion during their rule. Rajaraja CholaI was a ruler with inexhaustible energy, and he applied himself to the task of governance with the same zeal that he had shown in waging wars. Valentina (Latin origin) basically means 'strong'. The Cholas built their temples in the traditional way . In order to understand what a Chola name could mean for a shy girl, it is important to understand its history a little bit. But few know about this remarkable civilisation, which was among the world's longest-ruling, but today remains largely forgotten. Plot. [104] The Vellalar were also sent to northern Sri Lanka by the Chola rulers as settlers. Sembiyan is generally taken to mean a descendant of Shibi a legendary hero whose self-sacrifice in saving a dove from the pursuit of a falcon figures among the early Chola legends and forms the subject matter of the Sibi Jataka among the Jataka stories of Buddhism. Parantaka I also defeated the Rashtrakuta dynasty under Krishna II in the battle of Vallala. [190][l], The Imperial Chola era was the golden age of Tamil culture, marked by the importance of literature. The work Parpannamritam (17th century) refers to the Chola king called Krimikanta who is said to have removed the Govindaraja idol from the Chidambaram Nataraja temple. Many diseases were cured by the doctors of the hospital, which was under the control of a chief physician who was paid annually 80 Kalams of paddy, 8 Kasus and a grant of land. Gabriela (Hebrew origin) means 'god of Strength'. Even the northern forces were seen intervening. And you can't deny that it is an adorable name. [197][204][pageneeded][205], Jayamkondar's masterpiece, Kalingattuparani, is an example of narrative poetry that draws a clear boundary between history and fictitious conventions. The former, unlike his father, is said to have been a repentant son who supported vaishnavism. Archaeological News [217], ParantakaII was a devotee of the reclining Vishnu (Vadivu Azhagiya Nambi) at Anbil, on the banks of the Kaveri river on the outskirts of Tiruchy, to whom he gave numerous gifts and embellishments. Due to the lack of a legislature or a legislative system in the modern sense, the fairness of king's orders dependent on his morality and belief in Dharma. Juana can be considered the Spanish counterpart of English names Jane or Joanna. Shady is basically a nickname used for girls who like to keep to themselves and don't open up much with people. [115] It played a vital role in the expansion of the empire, including the conquest of the Ceylon islands and naval raids on Srivijaya. The temple of Gangaikondacholisvaram at Gangaikondacholapuram, the creation of Rajendra Chola, was intended to excel its predecessor. Kidadl cannot accept liability for the execution of these ideas, and parental supervision is advised at all times, as safety is paramount. Francisca (Spanish origin) is one of the most popular names for baby girls in Spanish. A Chola record gives their rationale for engagement in foreign trade: "Make the merchants of distant foreign countries who import elephants and good horses attach to yourself by providing them with villages and decent dwellings in the city, by affording them daily audience, presents and allowing them profits. When it comes to nicknames, cholas tend to go by . He also pronounced that the great temples of Shiva and the Ranganatha temple were to be the Kuladhanam of the Chola emperors. This does not influence our choices. [239] Parthiban Kanavu was also serialised in the Kalki weekly during the early 1950s. What can a girl with the nickname Troubles brings in? [178][179][180] The Chola temple architecture has been appreciated for its magnificence as well as delicate workmanship, ostensibly following the rich traditions of the past bequeathed to them by the Pallava Dynasty. [105] There was an expansion of the administrative structure, particularly from the reign of Rajaraja Chola I onwards. Ancient and medieval Tamil texts mention different forms of martial traditions but the ultimate expression of the loyalty of the warrior to his commander was a form of martial suicide called Navakandam. It is quite a popular name as it is simple and easy to pronounce. [140] The vellan-vagai was the ordinary ryotwari village of modern times, having direct relations with the government and paying a land-tax liable to revision from time to time. [76] Virarajendra Chola's son, Athirajendra Chola, was assassinated in a civil disturbance in 1070, and Kulothunga CholaI, the son of Ammanga Devi and Rajaraja Narendra, ascended the Chola throne. Another very large lake of this period, which even today seems an important source of irrigation was the Viranameri near Kattumannarkoil in South Arcot district founded by Parantaka Chola. Well send you tons of inspiration to help you find a hidden gem in your local area or plan a big day out. He integrated his empire into a tight administrative grid under royal control, and at the same time strengthened local self-government. [137], The Kaikolar community were weavers and merchants but they also maintained armies. They ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the 13th century. This describes the events during Kulothunga's war in Kalinga and depicts not only the pomp and circumstance of war, but the gruesome details of the field. [3] The power and the prestige the Cholas had among political powers in South, Southeast, and East Asia at its peak is evident through their expeditions to the Ganges, naval raids on cities of the Srivijaya empire based on the island of Sumatra, and their repeated embassies to China. The Cholas (8th-12th century AD) are remembered as one of the longest ruling dynasties in the southern regions of India. It is a cute and delightful name for girls. Moderate. His administrative role consisted of issuing oral commands to responsible officers when representations were made to him. But people also believe that this name was inspired by Valentine's Day. Best Cholo Names. [203][pageneeded] He imports into his narration the colour and landscape of his own time; his description of Kosala is an idealised account of the features of the Chola country. Aadalarasi - A dancing princess 7. [171] Examples of the Hindu cultural influence found today throughout Southeast Asia owe much to the legacy of the Cholas. [57][58][59] He also completed the conquest of the Rajarata kingdom of Sri Lanka and took the Sinhala king MahindaV as a prisoner, in addition to his conquests of Rattapadi (territories of the Rashtrakutas, Chalukya country, Talakkad, and Kolar, where the Kolaramma temple still has his portrait statue) in Kannada country. His son Rajendra Chola further expanded the Cholar territory by sending a victorious expedition to North India that touched the river Ganges and defeating the Pala ruler of Pataliputra, Mahipala. Chiquita (Spanish origin) has a cute meaning which is basically 'tiny present'. The Early Cholas were a Tamil kingdom of the Chola Dynasty - pre and post Sangam period (600 BCE-300 CE). [citation needed], In continuation of the decline, also marked by the resurgence of the Pandyan dynasty as the most powerful rulers in South India, a lack of a controlling central administration in its erstwhile-Pandyan territories prompted a number of claimants to the Pandya throne to cause a civil war in which the Sinhalas and the Cholas were involved by proxy. Later medieval Cholas also claimed a long and ancient lineage. There were also local organisations of merchants called "nagaram" in big centres of trade like Kanchipuram and Mamallapuram. [24] Ptolemy knew of this, which he called Khaberis, and the other port town of Nagappattinam as the most important centres of Cholas. [47] The kingdoms along the east coast of India up to the river Ganges acknowledged Chola suzerainty. Shy Girl is quite a self-explanatory name. [68], On the other hand, from 1150 CE to 1280 CE, Pandya became the staunchest opponents of the Cholas and tried to win independence for their traditional territories. Maintaining a strong army and naval resources made sense for the Cholas, because, The period from 9th to 10th century was a violent time, where kingdoms would go to war with each other frequently. The guilds described sometimes by the terms nanadesis were a powerful autonomous corporation of merchants which visited different countries in the course of their trade. [2] Under Rajaraja I and his successors Rajendra I, Rajadhiraja I, Rajendra II, Virarajendra, and Kulothunga Chola I, the dynasty became a military, economic and cultural powerhouse in South Asia and Southeast Asia. [118][119][need quotation to verify], The soldiers of the Chola dynasty used weapons such as swords, bows, javelins, spears and shields which were made up of steel. A commonly held view is that Chola is, like Chera and Pandya, the name of the ruling family or clan of immemorial antiquity. [154] Vocational education was through hereditary training in which the father passed on his skills to his sons. [137] These were the Vellalar community who formed the nobility or the landed aristocracy of the country and who were economically a powerful group. [k], The Cholas' system of government was monarchical, as in the Sangam age. [181] Architectural historian James Fergusson says that "the Chola artists conceived like giants and finished like jewelers". This is the reason that you can find random versions of Chola names across different countries, even the United States. Nobody knows exactly when the first Chola kings took power in the southern point of India, but certainly, the Chola Dynasty was established by the third century BCE, because they are mentioned in one of Ashoka the Great's stelae. La tiny has quite the earthy name with a firm meaning of 'tiny rock'. The Chola dynasty is one of the longest ruling dynasties of South India, and it existed from 300 BC until the late 13th century AD, though the territorial limits kept varying from time to time. The Chola Empire was at its peak and achieved imperialism under the Medieval Cholas in the mid-9th century CE. The rule by Cholas stretched over 5 long centuries until the . This name actually can give others an idea about the person's appearance. The water tanks that came up during the Chola period are too many to be listed here. 848-891 AD. There is no evidence that Rajendra was followed immediately by another Chola prince. Read on for some new and interesting Chola names that are popular from China to the United States. The heartland of the Cholas was the fertile valley of the Kaveri River. Marana wrote Markandeya Purana in Telugu. Take a look at some more Chola names mentioned below. [85] The Pandyas in the south had risen to the rank of a great power who ultimately banished the Hoysalas from Malanadu or Kannada country, who were allies of the Cholas from Tamil country and the demise of the Cholas themselves ultimately was caused by the Pandyas in 1279. [165] Probably, the motive behind Rajendra's expedition to Srivijaya was the protection of the merchants' interests. We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. These feudatories always aided the Cholas in their successful campaigns against the Chalukyas and levying tribute on the Kannada kingdoms. It is quite a cute name as well. Lil fresa means 'ruler of peace'. [7], The Cholas succeeded in building the greatest thalassocratic empire in the history of India, thereby leaving a lasting legacy. This is quite a sweet name for girls. The dynasty became a military, economic and cultural powerhouse in South Asia and South-East Asia. Rajaraja CholaI launched several naval campaigns that resulted in the capture of Sri Lanka, Maldives and the Malabar Coast. Other famous lakes of this period are Madurantakam, Sundra-cholapereri, Kundavai-Pereri (after a Chola queen). Rate the pronunciation difficulty of chola dynasty. Rajendra Chola III was the last ruler of the Chola Dynasty, and he reigned from 1246 -1279 CE. Other names in common use for the Cholas are Choda,[17] Killi (), Valavan (), Sembiyan () and Cenni. Two fascinating details caught my eye: the first was the presence of women bodyguards and throne guards in the Chola empire. Skilled classes like the weavers and the merchant-class had become prosperous. For other uses, see, Map showing the greatest extent of the Chola empire, The age of Sangam is established through the correlation between the evidence on foreign trade found in the poems and the writings by ancient Greek and Romans such as. Virarajendra Chola defeated Someshvara II of the Western Chalukya Empire and made an alliance with Prince VikramadityaVI. In 925, his son ParantakaI conquered Sri Lanka (known as Ilangai). Kadal Pura is set during the period when Kulothunga CholaI was in exile from the Vengi kingdom after he was denied the throne. [103] According to Kathleen Gough, during the Chola period the Vellalar were the "dominant secular aristocratic caste providing the courtiers, most of the army officers, the lower ranks of the kingdom's bureaucracy, and the upper layer of the peasantry". [36][45], Vijayalaya was the founder of the Imperial Chola dynasty which was the beginning of one of the most splendid empires in Indian history. [152], The quality of the inscriptions of the regime indicates a high level of literacy and education. [84] He also defeated two Pandya princes one of whom was Maravarman Sundara Pandya II and briefly made the Pandyas submit to the Chola overlordship. [32][33][34] They were displaced by the Pallava dynasty and the Pandyan dynasty in the 6th century. Sleepy (English origin) is used to refer to girls who are relieved if they can just take a nap. Cholita is mostly used to refer to girls who have mixed heritage or races. The temples acted not only as places of worship but also as centres of economic activity, benefiting the community as a whole. "After the second Pandya War, Kulottunga undertook a campaign to check to the growth of Hoysala power in that quarter. The later Cholas (10701279 CE) would still rule portions of Southern India. [170], The Chola conquest of Kadaram (Kedah) and Srivijaya, and their continued commercial contacts with the Chinese Empire, enabled them to influence the local cultures. Easy. Completed around 1030, only two decades after the temple at Thanjavur and in the same style, the greater elaboration in its appearance attests the more affluent state of the Chola Empire under Rajendra. But a few most outstanding may be briefly mentioned. [b] There are also brief references to the Chola country and its towns, ports and commerce in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (Periplus Maris Erythraei), and in the slightly later work of the geographer Ptolemy. [235] Written in five volumes, this narrates the story of Rajaraja Chola, dealing with the events leading up to the ascension of Uttama Chola to the Chola throne. Guadalupe (Spanish origin) has a beautiful meaning 'mother of god'. Kidadl is supported by you, the reader. It is specifically a name used for girls. Kidadl has a number of affiliate partners that we work with including Amazon. The term, sometimes used disparagingly, is derived from early Spanish and Mexican usage and denotes marginalization. The period of the imperial Cholas (c. 850 CE - 1250 CE) in South India was an age of continuous improvement and refinement of Chola art and architecture. It can be considered an iteration of the name Elizabeth. Furthermore, he also continued holding on to traditional territories in Tamil country, Eastern Gangavadi, Draksharama, Vengi, and Kalinga. [144], The Chola queen Kundavai also established a hospital at Tanjavur and gave land for the perpetual maintenance of it. By 1019, he also completely conquered the Rajarata kingdom of Sri Lanka and annexed it to the Chola empire. It discusses all five branches of grammar and, according to Berthold Spuler, is still relevant today and is one of the most distinguished normative grammars of literary Tamil. The students were provided with food, bathing oil on Saturdays, and oil for pups. They had their own mercenary army for the protection of their merchandise. The best example of this can be seen in the form of Nataraja the Divine Dancer. p.15, The State at War in South Asia by Pradeep Barua p.17, Temple art under the Chola queens by Balasubrahmanyam Venkataraman p.72, Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade: The Realignment of Sino-Indian Relations by Tansen Sen p.159, A History of Early Southeast Asia: Maritime Trade and Societal Development by Kenneth R. Hall, Aryatarangini, the Saga of the Indo-Aryans, by A. Kalyanaraman p.158, India and Malaya Through the Ages: by S. Durai Raja Singam, Relationship of the Cholas with the Chinese, "Fields of Protest: Women's Movements in India", "Pre-Colonial Cultural Legacy and Colonial Intervention: An Historical Appraisal", "The Politics of Plunder: The Cholas in Eleventh-Century Ceylon", "The Telugu Cholas of Konidena (A.D. 1050-1300) [Part 1]", UNESCO World Heritage sites Chola temples, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chola_dynasty&oldid=1149498503, Founder of the Chola Empire, and descendant of the, Son of Amangai Devi Chola, daughter of Rajendra I, and, This page was last edited on 12 April 2023, at 16:30. The navy commanders also acted as diplomats in some instances. However, this invasion gravely weakened the Srivijayan hegemony and enabled the formation of regional kingdoms. [8][9] A UNESCO world heritage site, the Brihadisvara temple at Thanjavur, commissioned by the Rajaraja Chola in 1010 CE, is a prime example for Cholar architecture. However, these were only temporary setbacks, because immediately following the accession of king Vikrama Chola, the son and successor of Kulothunga CholaI, the Cholas lost no time in recovering the province of Vengi by defeating Chalukya Someshvara III and also recovering Gangavadi from the Hoysalas. It is almost like peanut butter and jelly, they are made for each other. The Chola rulers issued their coins in gold, silver and copper. [78] Subsequently, the Cholas also lost control of the island of Lanka and were driven out by the revival of Sinhala power. These were the Vellalar community who formed the nobility or the landed aristocracy of the country and who were economically a powerful group. [97][pageneeded][98], The other major towns were Thanjavur, Uraiyur and Kudanthai, now known as Kumbakonam. Their reign was ended by Vijayalaya chola who captured Thanjavur from Ilango Mutharaiyar between 848 and 851 CE. As an Amazon Associate, Kidadl earns from qualifying purchases. . Apart from sinking wells and excavating tanks, the Chola rulers threw mighty stone dams across the Kaveri and other rivers, and cut out channels to distribute water over large tracts of land. Somana wrote Basava Purana. The guild was one of the most significant institutions of south India and merchants organised themselves into guilds. Nagama Nayaka then defeated the Chola but to everyone's surprise the once loyal officer of Krishnadeva Raya defied the emperor for some reason and decided to keep Madurai for himself. 10/20/2011. Some scholars identify Kulothunga Chola II with Krimikanta Chola or worm-necked Chola, so called as he is said to have suffered from cancer of the throat or neck. [186], The Chola period is also remarkable for its sculptures and bronzes. Margarita (Greek origins) is a version of Margaret which means 'child of light'. Vijayalaya was the founder of the Chola dynasty. Uraiyur (now Tiruchchirappalli) was its oldest capital. Tamil traders encroached on the Srivijayan realm traditionally controlled by Malay traders and the Tamil guilds' influence increased on the Malay Peninsula and north coast of Sumatra. We also link to other websites, but are not responsible for their content. This work is in a sense a national epic of the Tamil people because it treats of the lives of the saints who lived in all parts of Tamil Nadu and belonged to all classes of society, men and women, high and low, educated and uneducated. The founder of the Hoysala Dynasty was Nripa Kama II who reigned from 1026 CE to 1047 CE. The second was the many people from foreign lands who had settled in . [148] The Ulavar community were working in the field which was associated with agriculture and the peasants were known as Kalamar. It had four elements, comprising the cavalry, the elephant corps, several divisions of infantry and a navy. They are very enthusiastic and nice to other people. 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A big day out and nice to other websites, but are not responsible for their.... Southeast Asia owe much to the river Ganges acknowledged Chola suzerainty with Amazon! Commanders also acted as diplomats in some instances on his skills to his sons temples of and! Briefly mentioned 6th century we work with including Amazon also completely conquered Rajarata. And a navy they are very enthusiastic and nice to other people achieved. Literacy and education [ 137 ], the Kaikolar community were weavers and merchants they... Elements, comprising the cavalry, the Chola empire was at its and. 171 ] Examples of the Hindu cultural influence found today throughout Southeast owe. Outstanding may be briefly mentioned to other websites, but are not responsible for their content ( after Chola. Ii who reigned from 1026 CE to 1047 CE 47 ] the community! Also established a hospital at Tanjavur and gave land for the perpetual of... 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